Tirzepatide Medicinal

Tirzepatide References: The Full Citation Index

Full citation list

All citations are indexed by number as used across the site. PubMed URLs, DOIs, and journal volume data are included where available.

  1. Coskun T, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018. ↗
  2. Willard FS, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020. ↗
  3. Frias JP, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-2). N Engl J Med. 2021. ↗
  4. Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med. 2022. ↗
  5. Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-5). N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗
  6. Zeng Q, et al. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023. ↗
  7. Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide (StatPearls). StatPearls [Internet], NCBI Bookshelf. 2024. ↗
  8. Gastaldelli A, et al. Effect of tirzepatide versus insulin degludec on liver fat content and abdominal adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3 MRI). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022. ↗
  9. Cariou B, et al. Effect of tirzepatide on body fat distribution pattern in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024. ↗
  10. Hammoud R, et al. Beyond the pancreas: contrasting cardiometabolic actions of GIP and GLP1. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023. ↗
  11. Look M, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. ↗
  12. Locatelli JC, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024. ↗
  13. Linetzky B, et al. Improvements in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Weight Reduction: A Post Hoc Analysis of Adults With Obesity Randomly Assigned to Tirzepatide. Ann Intern Med. 2025. ↗
  14. Loomba R, et al. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis (SYNERGY-NASH). N Engl J Med. 2024. ↗
  15. Malhotra A, et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity (SURMOUNT-OSA). N Engl J Med. 2024. ↗
  16. Packer M, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity (SUMMIT). N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗
  17. Krüger N, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes of semaglutide and tirzepatide for patients with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice. Nat Med. 2026. ↗
  18. Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide for Obesity Treatment and Diabetes Prevention. N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗
  19. Shen P, et al. Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with tirzepatide: A bibliometric and pharmacovigilance analysis. PLoS One. 2026. ↗
  20. Sillassen CDB, et al. The adverse effects associated with tirzepatide use in patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events: a systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. BMC Med. 2026. ↗
  21. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tirzepatide injection prescribing information (FDA label, type 2 diabetes indication). FDA Drugs@FDA. 2022. ↗
  22. Nassar M, et al. Decreased risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis with semaglutide and tirzepatide in people with type 2 diabetes or obesity with a history of acute pancreatitis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024. ↗
  23. Gong J, et al. Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with tirzepatide. J Diabetes Investig. 2025. ↗
  24. Zhang Z, et al. Tirzepatide safety in type 2 diabetes: a disproportionality analysis using FAERS. Endocr Connect. 2025. ↗
  25. Batsis JA, et al. Effect of Incretin-Based and Nonpharmacologic Weight Loss on Lean Mass. Ann Intern Med. 2026. ↗
  26. Jalleh RJ, et al. Clinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. ↗
  27. Aronne LJ, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction (SURMOUNT-4). JAMA. 2024. ↗
  28. Horn DB, et al. Cardiometabolic Parameter Change by Weight Regain on Tirzepatide. JAMA Intern Med. 2026. ↗
  29. et al. Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists. Cureus. 2025. ↗
  30. Qazi S, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide. Healthcare (Basel). 2026. ↗
  31. Almansour HA, et al. Real-World Safety Concerns of Tirzepatide: A Retrospective Analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2025. ↗
  32. Pratley RE, et al. Apitegromab for lean mass preservation during tirzepatide-induced weight loss (EMBRAZE). Nat Med. 2026. ↗
  33. Pan XH, et al. Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and other weight loss drugs in overweight and obesity: a network meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2024. ↗
  34. Wadden TA, et al. Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity (SURMOUNT-3). Nat Med. 2023. ↗
  35. Kanbay M, et al. Effect of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipids: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023. ↗
  36. Zhao F, et al. Structural insights into multiplexed pharmacological actions of tirzepatide and peptide 20 at the GIP, GLP-1 or glucagon receptors. Nat Commun. 2022. ↗
  37. Sun B, et al. Structural determinants of dual incretin receptor agonism by tirzepatide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022. ↗
  38. Samms RJ, et al. GIPR agonism mediates weight-independent insulin sensitization by tirzepatide in obese mice. J Clin Invest. 2021. ↗
  39. Ciudin A, et al. Indirect comparative efficacy and safety of tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2.4 mg for the management of obesity and overweight in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. ↗
  40. Rosenstock J, et al. Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1). Lancet. 2021. ↗
  41. Ludvik B, et al. Once-weekly tirzepatide versus once-daily insulin degludec as add-on to metformin with or without SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3). Lancet. 2021. ↗
  42. Rosenstock J, et al. Tirzepatide vs Insulin Lispro Added to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-6). JAMA. 2023. ↗
  43. Lingvay I, et al. Achievement of glycaemic targets with weight loss and without hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes with tirzepatide: A post hoc analysis of the SURPASS-1 to -5 studies. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023. ↗
  44. Hartman ML, et al. Consistent improvements in liver histology across subgroups in a post hoc analysis of the SYNERGY-NASH trial with tirzepatide. JHEP Rep. 2025. ↗
  45. Nicholls SJ, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-CVOT). N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗
  46. Furihata K, et al. A phase 1 multiple-ascending dose study of tirzepatide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022. ↗
  47. Pankratz J, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of the GIP/GLP receptor agonist tirzepatide. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2024. ↗
  48. Martin JA, et al. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of tirzepatide in humans, rats, and monkeys. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2024. ↗
  49. Urva S, et al. Effects of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of the Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022. ↗
  50. Rasouli N, et al. Tirzepatide for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Without Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SURPASS Clinical Trials. Diabetes Ther. 2025. ↗
  51. Qaseem A, et al. Pharmacologic Treatments With Lifestyle Modifications in Nonpregnant Adults With Overweight or Obesity in Outpatient Settings: A Living Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians (April 2026). Ann Intern Med. 2026. ↗
  52. Wharton S, et al. Gastrointestinal adverse events and weight reduction in people with type 2 diabetes treated with tirzepatide in the SURPASS trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024. ↗
  53. Horn DB, et al. Time to weight plateau with tirzepatide treatment in the SURMOUNT-1 and SURMOUNT-4 clinical trials. Clin Obes. 2025. ↗
  54. Garvey WT, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2). Lancet. 2023. ↗
  55. et al. Effects of Tirzepatide on Skeletal Muscle Mass in Adults: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2025. ↗
  56. Safwan M, et al. Gastrointestinal safety of semaglutide and tirzepatide vs. placebo in obese individuals without diabetes: a systematic review and meta analysis. Ann Saudi Med. 2025. ↗
  57. Berg S, et al. Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and weight regain. Obes Rev. 2025. ↗
  58. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approval for chronic weight management (tirzepatide). FDA News & Events. 2023. ↗
  59. Kunutsor SK, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Drugs. 2026. ↗